However, these methods are impractical to users in real-life and occasionally have adverse effects ( Bellesi et al., 2014 Santostasi et al., 2016).
Previous studies have applied transcranial direct current stimulation ( D’Atri et al., 2016), transcranial magnetic stimulation ( Massimini et al., 2007), and pharmacological approaches ( Walsh et al., 2008 Feld et al., 2013) as methods for inducing sleep. Inducing sleep quickly is one way to improve the quality of sleep. Since insufficient sleep is a common problem that leads to considerable health, social, and economic impacts ( Hublin et al., 2001), a variety of methods have been developed to improve sleep quality ( Besedovsky et al., 2017 Lee and Kim, 2017). However, many researchers have reported that 25% of people feel that their sleep quality is not good ( Soldatos et al., 2005 Lee M. Sleep has a great impact on our health and is an important factor in determining the quality of life ( Walker, 2008 Zhang et al., 2015 Weber and Dan, 2016 Lee et al., 2018). This technology provides an important opportunity to develop a novel method for increasing the quality of sleep. Our findings indicate that the proposed auditory stimulus could induce the brain signals required for sleep, while simultaneously keeping the user in a psychologically comfortable state. The combination stimulus retained the advantages of the binaural beat and resolved its shortcomings with the ASMR triggers, including psychological self-reports. In session 2, the effects of these combined stimuli (CS) were compared with an only binaural beat, only the ASMR trigger, or a sham condition. As a result, we determined that the combination of a 30:60 dB ratio of binaural beat to ASMR trigger is most effective for inducing theta power and psychological stability. In session 1, we combined two auditory stimuli (the 6 Hz binaural beat and ASMR triggers) at three-decibel ratios to find the optimal combination ratio. In addition, the “ASMR triggers” that cause ASMR were presented from natural sound as the sensory stimuli. Specifically, we used a 6 Hz binaural beat corresponding to the center of the theta band (4–8 Hz), which is the frequency at which brain activity is entrained during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) in sleep stage 1. In this study, we proposed a novel auditory stimulus for inducing sleep.
To overcome this difficulty, we can exploit the feelings of calmness and relaxation that are induced by the perceptual phenomenon of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR). However, this auditory stimulus is uncomfortable for users to listen to induce sleep. When we listen to acoustic beats of two tones in each ear simultaneously, a binaural beat is generated which induces brain signals at a specific desired frequency. One existing solution to this problem is to induce sleep using an auditory stimulus.
However, the prevalence of sleep disorders is on the rise. Sleep is important to maintain physical and cognitive functions in everyday life.
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